Forming bit



Oct. 29, 1957 E. s. BRZOZOWSKI 2,811,184

FORMING BIT Filed July 26, 1956 E 5 ZF'IIII], afi zz Ge we ,B'rzoza wsv? 1" INVENTOR.

FORMING BIT Eugene S. Brzozowski, Detroit, Mich.

Application July 26, 1956, Serial No. 600,292

12 Claims. (Cl. 144-219) This invention relates to a relatively small bit for individually forming toy wheels and similarly shaped articles.

An important object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive forming bit at the disposal of home craftsmen for quickly and easily making replacements for broken wheels on toys and the like whereby utilization can be made of scraps of wood, plastic or similar material.

Other important objects of the invention are the provision of a simplified construction of forming bit for making solid toy wheels and similarly shaped articles with a configurated finished surface on both faces and the periphery thereof so that, for example, toy wheels may be formed which are simulative of actual tire and wheel assemblies; to provide a forming bit which effects the result in two steps by simultaneously configurating in each step one face and half of the periphery of the toy wheel.

With the above primary objects in view, it is another object of the invention to provide a construction of the character indicated which is simplified and rugged in operation in accordance with the demands and desires of manufacturers and purchasers alike and which is not only distinctive in its appearance and practical in its value but also reliable and eflicient in its use.

The above and related objects will become apparent during the course of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein preferred embodiments of the invention are clearly shown.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of one form of bit embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the structure of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the bit showing the operation of the same on material from which toy wheels or the like are to be formed, the material being shown in section;

Fig. 4 isa front elevation of a completed wheel;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the wheel shown in Fig. 4 on the line 55 thereof; and

Fig. 6 is a reduced fragmentary front elevation of a modified form of bit embodying the invention.

Briefly, and in its broadest aspect, the invention features the basic principle of construction of a forming bit having a centeringpilot and web member outstanding radially from the pilot with a lower edge surface for forming one face'of a solid toy wheel or the like and a projection on the lower distal portions of the web for simultaneously forming one-half of the periphery of the wheel and cutting out one-half of the axial body portion of the toy wheel from scraps of wood or the like in a two step operation whereby completely finished and configurated face surfaces and peripheral surfaces are formed on solid toy wheels or similarly shaped objects.

The first embodiment of bit to be described is particularly adapted for forming toy wheels simulative of real tire and wheel assemblies and the second for forming a bead or the like and in each type of article formed by the respective embodiments of bit, an axially extending central aperture is provided for receiving in the case of the atent toy wheel, the axle of a toy and in thecase of the heada string for threading the beads.

Referring now to the structure in more detail, and particularly to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1-3, the bit comprises a shank generally designated 7 having a body portion 9 and a drill point or pilot 11 preferably of reduced diameter on the forward end of the body portion. 9. The rearward end of the body portion is adapted for being gripped in a chuck or the like ofa brace or drill press or similar woodworking tool. The pilot 11 is fluted as shown or otherwise formed in a well known manner for penetrating the material to be worked on, such material being shown by way of example in Fig, 3 and designated 13.

A fiat web member, generally designated 8, is integral with and projects radially from the body portion 9 of the shank 7. The web member 8 is formed with a side edge surface generally designated 15 and a lower edge surface generally designated 17. The distal portions of these edge surfaces, designated 15a and 17a, respectively, define a cutting projectiomgenerally designated 19, formed integral withthe web member 8. The distal portion 17a of the lower edge surface 17 is curved outwardly with respect to the body portion 9 and forwardly toward the terminus 21 of the projection 19. The distal portion 15a of the side edge surface 15 likewise extends outwardly and forwardly to the terminus21 to provide the necessary clearance between itself and the surface it forms from the material worked on, such surface being shown in Fig. 3 and designated 23. Preferably the distal portion 15a is curved also although with considerably less radius of curvature than that of the distal portion 17a. The shape'of the portion of the edge surface 15 inwardly of the distal portion 15a is relatively unimportant and may be generally arcuately shaped as shown, or of any other shape as might be suitable so long as it is radially inward of the distal portion 15a. The distal portion 15a and the lower edge surface 17 are sharpened for cutting upon rotation of the bit in the direction of thearrow shown in Fig. 2. This is accomplished in the instance shown by tapering the portion 15a and the lower edge surface 17 with respect to the mentioned direction of rotation from the trailing face 25 to the leading face 27 of the web member 8 so as to form cutting edges 15e for the distal portion 15a and 17:2 and for the lower edge surface 17.

The lower edge surface 17 inwardly of the projection If is generally arcuately shaped and in the embodiment being described has two arcuate sections, an outer section 17b and an inner section 170, separated one from the other by a minor projection generally designated 35. The

arcuate sections 17b and 170 are sharpened by having the taper as described which is suitably formed to correspond to the curvature of each of these sections. The terminus 21 of the projection 19 must be spaced axially forward of the nearest point on the lower edge surface 17 inward of the projection 19 a sufficient distance to form a usable wheel. In the embodiment being described this is the point on the cutting edge 17e beneath the minor projection 35 and the distance referred to is designated in Fig. 3 by the letter A. This is essential in order that there be sufficient body in an axial direction in the finished article to form a usable wheel. Stated differently, twice the distance A defines the minimum dimensions axially of the finished Wheel excluding, of course, the periphery. This distance must be sufficiently great to provide enough material in the web of the wheel so that it may serve its intended purpose. The most efficient use of the bit is made when the largest size wheel possible is made therefrom as will be described in connection with the operation of the bit. That is to say, the bit should be used so as to form a Wheel having the largest diameter and axial thickness possibler In this way the full radial extent of the lower edge surface 17 is used in forming a wheel and the web thickness thereof is greatest. This will occur automatically as will appear hereinafter more fully by the completed wheel dropping out of the material from which it is formed. It has been found that the minimum axial dimension of the web of the wheel as determined by the dimension A should be at least 2% of the diameter of the finished wheel, and preferably is greater than this, so that the wheel will have suflicient load supporting properties. To effect this the terminus 21 of the projection 19 must be spaced axially forward of the nearest point on the lower edge surface 17 inward of the projection 19 a distance equal to at least 2% of the radius of the bit, i. e., 2% of the distance radially between the center of the pilot 11 and the projection 19. Water thin articles are obviously not usable as toy wheels. In the embodiment shown in Figs. l-3 the two arcuate sections 1712 and 17c are spaced axially rearward substantially equally from the terminus 21 of the projection 19 so that the completed wheel is simulative of an actual wheel assembly, the section 17b simultaneously forming the tire portion and the section 170 forming the hub portion corresponding to an actual tire and wheel assembly, the shape of which can be seen from the example shown in Fig. 4 and indicated generally at 34. The bit is not limited, however, to making wheels of the shape which would result from the bit as shown in Figs. l-3 as the arcuate sections 171), 170 can be unequally spaced from the terminus 21 or there can be but one arcuate section as in the embodiment shown in Fig. 6.

The distance which the terminus 21 of the projection 19 is spaced from the remotest point on the lower edge surface 17 inward of the projection 19 defines one-half of the maximum axial dimension of the finished wheel and this distance is designated B in Fig. 3. The length of the pilot 11 must be of a length which is at least twice 'as long as the distance B, and preferably is of greater length, so as to form an aperture as at 36 in the material 13 of Fig. 3 which will serve as a guide in the second step of the method of forming the wheel as will appear more fully hereinafter.

Referring now to the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the web member 37 is constructed substantially as in the previous embodiment with an integrally formed cutting projection 39 having a terminus 41 except that the lower edge surface '43 inwardly of the projection 39 is formed with a single arcuate section 43b. The side edge surface 45 is provided with a cutting'edge on the distal portion 45a thereof and the lower edge surface 43 is provided with a cutting edge on the distal portion 43a thereof, each of the cuttingedges being formed by a taper as previously described. The projection 39 is defined by the distal portions 43:: and 45a of the lower edge surface 43 and the side edge surface 45, respectively, which have substantially the same shape as in the previous embodiment. The distance which the terminus 41 of the projection 39 is spaced axially forward of the nearest point on the lower edge surface 43 inwardly of the projection 39 is designated A. In this instance, the point on the lower edge surface 43 which is closest to the terminus 41 is where the arcuate section 43b junctions with the body portion 9 of the shank 7. This of course coincides with the point where the pilot 11 junctions with the body portion 9. The distance which the terminus 41 is spaced axially forward of the remotest point on the lower edge surface 43 inwardly of the projection 39 is designated B in Fig. 6 and the length of the pilot 11 in thisembodiment must be at least twice as great as the distance B. The other considerations previously discussed apply equally to the form of bit shown in this embodiment, viz., that the distance A should be sufliciently great so that a usable wheel can be formed from the bit and this distance must be at least 2% of the radius of the bit.

In the practice of the invention, the method of forming a toy wheel or the like begins with a block of material 13 of wood or plastic or similar substance which has a minimum thickness equal to the largest axial dimension of the finished wheel and this minimum dimension must be at least equal to the thickness 28 as indicated on the cross-sectional view of a finished wheel in Fig. 5 resulting from use of the embodiment of the bit shown in Figs. l3. As indicated, full utilization of the bit is not realized when material having less than this minimum thickness is employed as the largest wheel possible cannot be made therefrom. Moreover, the smallest web thickness of the finished wheel will be less than the minimum thickness 2A as shown in Fig. 5 so that wafer thin articles will result and not usable Wheels. Starting with a material having a minimum thickness equal to 2B, the block of material 13 is placed on a solid object and the rotating bit is brought to bear on one side thereof and as the pilot 11 finds its way into the material as at the aperture 36, the cutting projection 19 of the web member 8 contacts the one side of the block and the sharpened distal portions 15a and 17a of the side edge surface and the lower edge surface 17 of the web member forming the cutting projection 19 begin removing material from the block and eventually the full extent of the lower edge surface 17 of the web material is brought to bear on the one side of the block. The cutting operation is continued until the pilot strikes through the other side of the block and at this point one face and one-half of the periphery of the partially finished wheel is formed. This condition is substantially that shown in Fig. 3 with the material left from the cutting operation circumseribing the partially completed wheel and remaining an integral part of the block. When the pilot strikes through the other side of the block the bit is withdrawn and the block is turned over. The aperture 36 formed by the pilot in the first cutting operation serves as a guide for the rapidly rotating bit in the second cutting operation. Because the pilot is inserted from the other side of the block into the same aperture it formed from the one side, a completely symmetrical wheel is assured. As the pilot enters the already formed aperture, the cutting projection of the web member contacts the other side of the block and the second cutting operation begins. Eventually the full extent of the lower edge surface of the web member is brought to bear upon the other side of the material and the bit functions identically as in the first operation. The second operation is continued until the mate-rial removed from the block by the terminus of the projection reaches the depth (as at 49 in Fig. 3) atwhich material no longer remains to be cut thereby and at this point the completed Wheel falls from the block. The opposite face and other half of the periphery of the wheel are completely finished by the second operation as indicated by the dotted lines 51 in Fig. 3.

It will thus be seen that there has been provided by this invention a bit in which home craftsmen will find a quick mode of forming usable toy Wheels having completely formed surfaces on both faces and the periphery thereof, and which can be simply attached to the axle of a toy to replace broken wheels; by which home craftsmen can utilize scraps of wood and other material which would otherwise be wasted and in which the various objects hereinabove set forth are successfully achieved together with many thoroughly practical advantages.

While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the invention is susceptible to variation, modification and change without departing from the spirit thereof or the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A bit for forming toy wheels adapted for rotation in one direction comprising a shank having a body portion terminating in a cutting pilot at the forward end thereof, a fiat web member secured to and outstanding radially from said body portion, a projection formed integral with the material of said web member on the lower distal portion thereof extending outwardly and forwardly, a lower edge surface on said web member extending outwardly from the junction of said body portion and pilot, the distal portion of which curves outwardly and forwardly to the terminus of said projection, a side edge surface on said web member, the distal portion of which extends outwardly and forwardly to said terminus, each of said distal portions being sharpened for cutting upon rotation of the bit in said one direction, said terminus of said projection being spaced axially forward of the nearest point on said lower edge surface inwardly of said projection a suflicient distance to form one-half the axial width of a usable toy wheel.

2. A bit for forming toy wheels adapted for rotation in one direction comprising a shank having a body portion terminating in a cutting pilot at the forward end thereof, a flat web member secured to and outstanding radially from said body portion, a projection formed integral with the material of said web member on the lower distal portion thereof extending outwardly and forwardly, a lower edge surface on said web member extending outwardly from the junction of said body portion and pilot, the distal portion of which curves outwardly and forwardly to the terminus of said projection, a side edge surface formed on said web member, the distal portion of which extends outwardly and forwardly to said terminus, said lower edge surface and the distal portion of said side edge surface being sharpened for cutting upon rotation of the bit in said one direction, said terminus of said projection being spaced axially forward of the nearest point on said lower edge surface inwardly of said projection a sufficient distance to form one-half the axial width of a usable toy wheel, the length of said pilot being at least twice as great as the distance which the terminus of said projection is spaced axially forward of the remotest point on said lower edge surface inward of said projection.

3. A bit for forming toy wheels adapted for rotation in one direction comprising a shank having a body portion terminating in a cutting pilot at the forward end thereof, a flat web member secured to and outstanding radially from said body portion, a projection formed integral with the material of said web member on the lower distal portion thereof extending outwardly and forwardly, a lower edge surface on said web member extending outwardly from the junction of said body portion and pilot, the distal portion of which curves outwardly and forwardly to the terminus of said projection, said lower edge surface inward of said projection being formed into two rearwardly concave arcuate sections, a minor projection intermediate said terminus and said body portion extending axially forward and separating said arcuate sections, a side edge surface formed on said web member, the distal portion of which extends outwardly and forwardly to said terminus, said lower edge surface and the distal portion of said side edge surface being sharpened for cutting upon rotation of the bit in said one direction, said terminus of said projection being spaced axially forward of the nearest point on said lower edge surface inwardly of said projection a sufficient distance to form one-half the axial width of a usable toy wheel.

4. A bit according to claim 3 wherein the length of said pilot is at least twice as great as the distance which the terminus of said projection is spaced axially forward of the remotest point on said lower edge surface inward of said projection.

5. A bit for forming toy wheels adapted for rotation in one direction comprising a shank having a body portion terminating in a cutting pilot at the forward end thereof, a flat web member secured to and outstanding radially from said body portion, a projection formed integral with the material of said web member on the lower distal portion thereof extending outwardly and forwardly, a lower edge surface on said web member extending outwardly from the junction of said body portion and pilot,

the distal portion of which curves outwardly and forwardly to the terminus of said projection, said lower edge surface inward of said projection being formed into two rearwardly concave arcuate sections, the remotest point on each of said sections being axially spaced substantially equally from said terminus, a side edge surface formed on said web member, the distal portion of which extends outwardly and forwardly to said terminus, said lower edge surface and the distal portion of said side edge surface being sharpened for cutting upon rotation of the bit in said one direction, said terminus of said projection being spaced axially forward of the nearest point on said lower edge surface inwardly of said projection a sufficient distance to form one-half the axial width of a usable toy wheel, the length of said pilot being at least twice as great as the distance which the terminus of said projection is spaced axially forward of the remotest point on said lower edge surface inward of said projection.

6. A bit for forming toy wheels adapted for rotation in one direction comprising a shank having a body portion terminating in a cutting pilot at the forward end thereof, a flat web member secured to and outstanding radially from said body portion, a projection formed integral with the material of said web member on the lower distal portion thereof extending outwardly and forwardly, a lower edge surface on said web member extending outwardly from the junction of said body portion and pilot, the distal portion of which curves outwardly and forwardly to the terminus of said projection, said lower edge surface inward of said projection being formed into a single rearwardly concave arcuate section, a side edge surface formed on said web member, the distal portion of which extends outwardly and forwardly to said terminus, said lower edge surface and the distal portion of said side edge surface being sharpened for cutting upon rotation of the bit in said one direction, said terminus of said projection being spaced axially forward of the nearest point on said lower edge surface inwardly of said projection a suflicient distance to form one-half the axial width of a usable toy wheel.

7. A bit according to claim 6 wherein the length of said pilot is at least twice as great as the distance which the terminus of said projection is spaced axially forward of the remotest point on said lower edge surface inwardly of said projection.

8. A bit for forming toy wheels adapted for rotation in one direction comprising a shank having a body portion terminating in a cutting pilot at the forward end thereof, a flat web member secured to and outstanding radially from said body portion, a projection formed integral with the material of said web member on the lower distal portion thereof extending outwardlyand forwardly, a lower edge surface on said web member extending outwardly from the junction of said body portion and pilot, the distal portion of which curves outwardly and forwardly to the terminus of said projection, said lower edge surface inward of said projection being formed into two rearwardly concave arcuate sections, the remotest point on each of said sections being axially spaced substantially equally from said terminus, a side edge surface formed on said web member, the distal portion of which extends outwardly and forwardly to said terminus, said lower edge surface and the distal portion of said side edge surface being sharpened for cutting upon rotation of the bit in said one direction, said terminus of said projection being spaced axially-forward of the nearest point on said lower edge surface inwardly of said projection a sufficient distance to form one-half the axial width of a usable toy wheel, the length of said pilot being at least twice as great as the distance which the terminus of said projection is spaced axially forward of the remotest point on said lower edge surface inward of said projection, said lower edge surface and the distal portion of said side edge surface being tapered in the direction of rotation from the '7 trailing to the leading face of said web member to accomplish the sharpening thereof.

9. A bit for forming toy wheels adapted for rotation in one direction comprising a shank having a body portion terminating in a cutting pilot at the forward end thereof, a flat web member secured to and outstanding radially from said body portion, a projection formed integral with the material of said Web member on the lower distal portion thereof extending outwardly and forwardly, a lower edge surface on said web member extending outwardly from the junction of said body portion and pilot, the distal portion of which curves outwardly and forwardly to the terminus of said projection, said lower edge surface inward of said projection being formed into a single rearwardly concave arcuate section, a side edge surface formed on said web member, the distal portion of which extends outwardly and forwardly to said terminus, said lower edge surface and the distal portion of said side edge surface being sharpened for cutting upon rotation of the bit in said one direction, said terminus of said projection being spaced axially forward of the nearest point on said lower edge surface inwardly of said projection a sufficient distance to form one-half the axial width of a usable toy Wheel, the length of said pilot being at least twice as great as the distance which the terminus of said projection is spaced axially forward of the remotest point on said lower edge surface inward of said projection, said lower edge surface and the distal portion of said side edge surface being tapered in the direction of rotation from the trailing to the leading face of said web member to accomplish the sharpening thereof.

10. A bit for forming toy wheels adapted for rotation in one direction comprising a shank having a body portion terminating in a cutting pilot at the forward end thereof, a flat web member secured to and outstanding radially from said body portion and formed with a side edge surface and a lower edge surface, the distal portions of which define a projection formed integral with said web member, said lower edge surface extending outward radially from the junction of said body portion with said pilot, said lower edge surface and said distal portion of said side edge surface being sharpened for cutting upon rotation of said bit in said one direction, each of said distal portions being curved outwardly and forwardly toward the terminus of said projection, said terminus being spaced axially of said shank forward of the nearest point on said lower edge surface inward of said projection a suflicient distance to form one-half the axial width of a usable toy wheel.

11. A bit for forming toy wheels adapted for rotation in one direction comprising a shank having a body portion terminating in a cutting pilot at the forward end thereof, a flat web member secured to and outstanding radially from said body portion and formed with a side edge surface anda lower edge surface, the distal portions of which define a projection formed integral with said web member, said lower edge surface extending outward radially from the junction of said body portion with said pilot, said lower edge surface and said distal portion of said side edge surface being sharpened for cutting upon rotation of said bit in said one direction, each of said distal portions being curved outwardly and forwardly toward the terminus of said projection, said terminus being spaced axially of said shank forward of the nearest point on said lower edge surface inward of said projection a sufiicient distance to form one-half the axial width of a usable toy wheel, the length of said pilot being at least twice as great as the distance which the terminus of said projection is spaced axially forward of the remotest point on said lower edge surface inward of said projection.

12. A bit for forming my wheels adapted for rotation in one direction comprising a shank having a body portion terminating in a pilot at the forward end thereof, a flat Web member secured to and outstanding radially from said body portion and formed with a side edge surface and a lower edge surface, the distal portions of which define a projection formed integral with said web member, said lower edge surface extending outward radially from the junction of said body portion with said pilot, said lower edge surface and said distal portion of said side edge surface being sharpened for cutting upon rotation of said bit in said one direction, each of said distal portions being curved outwardly and forwardly toward the terminus of said projection, said terminus being spaced axially of said shank forward of the nearest point on said lower edge surface inward of said projection at least 2% of the radius of the bit as defined by the distance radially between the center of said pilot and said projection.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 124,089 Shepardson Feb. 27, 1872 615,251 Cooper Dec. 6, 1898 769,200 Uschold Sept. 6, 1904 1,118,777 Jennings Nov. 24, 1914 2,582,574 Woodside Ian. 15, 1952 

